KPMG's Guide to International Business Location

Results by City

The International Report features results for 95 individual cities in 10 countries. Overall results for each of these cities, by region and country, are as follows (US index = 100.0).

Location Country Index¹ Rank²
Europe
  LyonFrance96.45
  ParisFrance100.18
  BerlinGermany101.610
  FrankfurtGermany103.612
  MilanItaly99.07
  RomeItaly100.99
  AmsterdamNetherlands96.76
  Brabant StadNetherlands96.32
  The HagueNetherlands96.43
  UtrechtNetherlands96.44
  LondonEngland101.711
  ManchesterEngland94.71
North America
New England/Atlantic Canada
  Bangor, MEUnited States95.66
  Boston, MAUnited States100.811
  Burlington, VTUnited States97.77
  Charlottetown, PECanada93.84
  Fredericton, NBCanada91.82
  Halifax, NSCanada93.33
  Hartford, CTUnited States99.710
  Manchester, NHUnited States98.69
  Moncton, NBCanada91.31
  Providence, RIUnited States98.08
  St. John's, NLCanada93.85
Northeast US/Canada
  Baltimore, MDUnited States97.112
  Buffalo, NYUnited States96.59
  Charleston, WVUnited States95.05
  Detroit, MIUnited States98.516
  Harrisburg, PAUnited States96.610
  Indianapolis, INUnited States97.213
  Lexington, KYUnited States95.57
  Montreal, QCCanada94.23
  New York City, NYUnited States102.019
  North Virginia (Metro DC), VAUnited States99.017
  Philadelphia, PAUnited States98.315
  Quebec City, QCCanada92.42
  Saginaw, MIUnited States97.011
  Sherbrooke, QCCanada91.21
  St. Catharines-Niagara, ONCanada94.74
  Toronto, ONCanada95.88
  Trenton, NJUnited States99.818
  Wilmington, DEUnited States97.614
  Youngstown, OHUnited States95.26
Southeast US
  Atlanta, GAUnited States96.36
  Greenville-Spartanburg, SCUnited States95.62
  Jackson, MSUnited States96.58
  Little Rock, ARUnited States95.93
  Miami, FLUnited States97.010
  Montgomery, ALUnited States96.25
  Nashville, TNUnited States97.09
  Raleigh, NCUnited States96.47
  Shreveport, LAUnited States94.31
  Tampa, FLUnited States96.04
Mexico
  Mexico CityMexico82.12
  MonterreyMexico81.51
Midwest US/Western Canada
  Albuquerque, NMUnited States98.319
  Billings, MTUnited States95.98
  Cedar Rapids, IAUnited States96.911
  Cheyenne, WYUnited States94.94
  Chicago, ILUnited States98.820
  Dallas-Fort Worth, TXUnited States97.714
  Denver, COUnited States99.622
  Edmonton, ABCanada95.77
  Fargo, NDUnited States96.29
  Houston, TXUnited States97.917
  McAllen, TXUnited States94.83
  Milwaukee, WIUnited States97.816
  Minneapolis, MNUnited States99.021
  Oklahoma City, OKUnited States95.66
  Omaha, NEUnited States96.510
  Phoenix, AZUnited States98.118
  Salt Lake City, UTUnited States97.413
  Saskatoon, SKCanada94.02
  Sioux Falls, SDUnited States95.55
  St. Louis, MOUnited States97.815
  Wichita, KSUnited States97.312
  Winnipeg, MBCanada93.91
Pacific US/Canada
  Anchorage, AKUnited States106.312
  Boise, IDUnited States97.23
  Honolulu, HIUnited States107.313
  Las Vegas, NVUnited States99.87
  Los Angeles, CAUnited States101.410
  Portland, ORUnited States98.95
  Prince George, BCCanada94.31
  Riverside-San Bernardino, CAUnited States99.56
  San Diego, CAUnited States100.99
  San Francisco, CAUnited States104.111
  Seattle, WAUnited States100.18
  Spokane, WAUnited States98.44
  Vancouver, BCCanada94.92
Asia Pacific
  AdelaideAustralia97.02
  BrisbaneAustralia97.33
  MelbourneAustralia96.71
  SydneyAustralia98.94
  OsakaJapan106.45
  TokyoJapan108.96
1   Business costs are expressed as an index, with the United States being assigned the baseline index of 100.0. A cost index less than 100 indicates lower costs than the US. A cost index greater than 100 indicates higher costs than the US. For example, an index number of 95.0 represents a 5.0% cost advantage relative to the United States.
2 Rank among cities within the same region.

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